|
naaiBakIya
saMlayana ka ek AaOr trIka hO–‘jaD,%va pirsaImana’ (inertial
confinement).
1974 sao kama m,aoM laa[-
jaa rhI [sa ivaQaa maoM iDyauToiryama–T/a[iTyama sao banao kuC imalaI maITr
vyaasa vaalao bafI-lao¸ zaosa gaaolao pr caaraoM trf sao laoja,r yaa Aa^yana
puMja kI baaOCar kr¸ ] sakI baahrI sath kao vaaiYpt ikyaa jaata hO. yah vaaYp
gaaolao ko caraoMM trf Plaaja,maa ikrIT ka inamaa-Na krtI hO. caaraoM trf
sao pD, rho dbaava ko karNa ivastairt haonao vaalao Plaaj,maa ka saMvaoga
gaaolao ko bacao hue Baaga ko naaiBa kI Aaor inaid-YT haonao lagata hO. [sako
pirNaama sva$p naaiBa maoM naaiBakIya saMlayana kI p`iËyaa hotu AavaSyak }Ymaa
kI vyavasqaa hao jaatI hO.
naaiBakIya
saMlayana–p`iËyaa Wara samauicat maa~a maoM }jaa- ko daohna kI isqait 1983
maoM ‘ha[D/aojana Plaaj,maa’ maoM phlaI baar Aija-t kI ga[-. prMtu
vyaavahairk $p sao }jaa- ]%padna ko ilae [sa p`iËyaa sao [sasao jauD,o
saMyaM~aoM ko inaomaa-Na tqaa ]nako rK–rKava kI laagat AklpnaIya hO. saaqa hI
[sasao jauD,I bahutorI samasyaaAaoM
sao inapTnaa BaI Aasaana nahIM hO. [saka AMdajaa [sa baat sao lagaayaa jaa sakta
hO ik AMtra-YT/Iya prmaaNau }jaa- AiBakrNa ko t%vaaQaana maoM p`staivat
[MTrnaoSanala qamaao-nyaui@layar e@sap-irmaMTla ire@Tr ko inamaaNa- kI laagat lagaBaga pa^ca Arba
Da^lar AaMkI ga[- hO¸jaao Abasao kma sao k,ma dsa vaYa- baad tOyaar hao
paegaa¸ vah
BaI tba¸ jaba [sa piryaaojanaa pr saucaa$ ZMga sao kaya- calao.
tulanaa%mak
dRiYT sao kma tap pr ]prao> ZMga sao haonao vaalao
‘iD\yauToiryama–T/a[iTyama’ ko naaiBakaoM ko saMlayana sao ]%paidt }jaa-
ko daohna pr hI vaO&ainakaoM ka Qyaana koMid`t hO. halaaÐik [sa p`iËyaa
sao p``aPt }jaa- kI maa~a kma hO¸ ifr BaI [sasao hjaaraoM saala ka kama tao
calaayaa hI jaa sakta hO. dUsarI Aaor¸ iD\yauToiryama–iD\yauToiryama ko
naaiBakaoM ko saMlayana sao [tnaI p`caur maa~a maoM }jaa- ka ]%padna saMBava hO
ik vat-maana samaya sao lao kr saUya- ko inaiYËya haonao ko pScaat\ BaI pUrI
duinayaa kI }jaa-–Kpt kao AasaanaI sao pUra ikyaa jaa sakta hO¸ prMtu [nako
saMlayana ko ilae A%yaiQak tap kI AavaSyakta haotI hO.
tlayaarKana
nao sMaBavatÁ phlaI baar iDyauToiryama–iDyauToiryama ko baIca naaiBakIya
saMlayana kI p`iËyaa kao Qvaina–trMgaaoM ko ]pyaaoga sao kranao maoM saflata
p`aPt kI hO¸ vah BaI ek sasto tqaa CaoTo sao ]pkrNa maoM. [sako Aitir>
Plaaj,maa pirsaImana tqaa naaiBakIya saMlayana ko ilae Apoixat }Ymaa ka str [sa
ivaQaa maoM ‘cauMbakIya Aqavaa
jaD,%va pirsaImana ivaQaa’ kI tulanaa maoM baD,I AasaanaI sao p`aPt ikyaa jaa
sakta hO. [sako pUva- 1989 maoM Amaoirka tqaa [MgalaOMD ko dao vaO&ainakaoM
nao BaI maoja pr rKo jaa saknao vaalao ek Anya saMyaM~ maoM ‘SaIt saMlayana’
kI ivaQaa Wara saamanya tap pr
naaiBakIya saMlayana kI p`iËyaa kranao ka davaa ikyaa qaa. laoikna Anya
AnausaMQaanak<aa- [sao duhranao maoM Asamaqa- rho¸ AtÁ AiQakaMSa
vaO&ainak iflahala [sasao sahmat nahIM hOM. tlayaarKana Wara ivakisat
‘saaonaoFyaUja,na’ kI na[- ivaQaa maoM GaiTt hao rhI naaiBakIya saMlayana kI
p`iË`yaa ko saMdBa- maoM ivaSvasanaIya p`maaNa imala rho hOM.
halaaÐik
ABaI [sa ivaQaa sao }jaa- daohna kI saMBaavanaa na ko barabar hO¸ laoikna
tlayaarKana ko Anausaar BaivaYya maoM eosaI saMBaavanaa¸ kma sao kma saOwaaMitk
$p sao AvaSya banatI hO. [sa tknaIik ka ]pyaaoga nyauT/a^na ivasaja-na ko AaQaar
pr kaya- krnao vaalao naanaa p`kar ko CaoTo¸ saGana evaM sasto ]pkrNa ivakisat
krnao maoM BaI ikyaa jaa sakta hO. saurxaa jaaÐca ko samaya iksaI saUTkosa ko
AMdr iCpae gae saamaana ka pta lagaanao vaalao saMsaUcak yaM~ (detector)¸
iksaI pdaqa- kI AaNaivak saMrcanaa ka ivaSlaoYaNa krnao vaalao yaM~¸ isaMqaoiTk
pdaqaao-M ko inamaa-Na maoM kama Aanao vaalao ]pkrNa¸ Aaid ko ivakasa sao lao
kr laIiqayama ³ijasaka
]pyaaoga icaik%saa ko xao~ maoM kama Aanao vaalao ‘[maoij,aMga’ tknaIik sao
lao kr GaD,I ko Dayala banaanao maoM ikyaa jaata hO´ ko
p`BaavaI ]%padna kI saMBaavanaa¸ kuC eosao hI ]dahrNa hOM. yahI nahIM¸ [sakI
madd sao ‘nyauT/a^na taraoM’ tqaa ‘blaOk haola’ kI iËyaa–ivaiQa evaM
eosao hI Anya ba`*maaMDIya iËyaa–kalaapaoM kao samaJanao maoM BaI AasaanaI
hao saktI hO.
kma
Kca- maoM bana saknao vaalaa tqaa ]pyaaoigata kI Apar saMBaavanaaAaoM sao jauD,a¸
tlayaarKana Wara ivakisat¸ yah ]pkrNa AaiKr hO @yaa ¸ kOsao kaya- krta hO evaM
[samaoM haonao vaalaI naaiBakIya saMlayana kI p`iËyaaAaoM kI puiYT ko saMdBa-
maoM @yaa–@yaa nae p`maaNa jauTae gae hOM–Aa[e¸ Aba hma [na saba baataoM pr
cacaa- kroM.
ek
dUsaro ko }pr rKo dao ka^f,I maga kI }Ðcaa[- vaalao glaasa sao inaima-t tqaa
‘iDyauToiryaoToD eisaTaona’ jaOsao trla rsaayana sao Baro bat-na¸
tlayaarKana Wara ivakisat ]pkrNa ko mau#ya Baaga hOM. ‘iDyauToiryaoToD
eisaTaona’ naamak rsaayana saamaanya ‘eisaTaona’ sao qaaoD,a Alaga haota
hO. [sakI saMrcanaa maoM saamaanya ha[D/aojana ko sqaana pr iDyauToiryama ka
]pyaaoga haota hO. [sa ]pkrNa maoM naaiBakIya saMlayana kI p`iËyaa kI isqait
]%pnna kranao ko ilae glaasa ko [sa bat-na maoM rKo iDyaToiryaoToD eisaTaona pr
p`it paÐca imalaI saokoMD( ek
saokoMD ka hajaarvaaÐ ihssaa )
ko AMtrala pr Agalao paÐca imalaI saokoMD tk nyauT/a^nsa ko puMja kI lagaatar
baaOCar kI ga[-. nyauT/a^nsa ko puMja kI baaOCar ko saaqa–saaqa¸ ]tnao hI
samaya tk baIsa hjaar p`it saokoMD kI dr sao Aa^na–Aa^f haonao vaalao
‘AlT/asaa]nD’ ]%pnna krnao vaalao ]pkrNa kI sahayata sao¸ ivaiSaYT AavaRit
vaalao AlT/asaa]nD trMgaaoM kI baOCar BaI kI ga[-.
[sa
p`kar sao ike gae nyauT/a^nsa kI baaOCar nao trla iDyauToiryaoToD eisaTaona maoM
Ait saUxma gauihkaAaoM (cavities) ka
inamaa-Na kr idyaa. yao gauihkaeÐ AlT/asaa]nD kI baaOCar ko p`Baava sao lagaBaga
60 naOnaaomaITr ko vyaasa vaalao balabaulaaoM maoM pirvait-t hao ga[-M. QaIro–QaIro [naka Aakar baZ, kr ASaatIt 6000
ma[Ëa^na tk hao jaata hO. Aakar maoM lagaBaga ek laaK gaunaa tk baZ, cauko [na baulabaulaaoM kao naMgaI
AaÐKaoM sao BaI doKa jaa sakta hO. [sa Aakar tk phuÐca kr kuC hI naOnaao
saokoMD ko AMdr yao baulabaulao Ait ivaSaala Sai> ko saaqa saMkuicat haoto
hOM evaM Apnao pUva- Aakar maoM vaapsa Aa jaato hOM. lagaBaga ek laaK gaunaa
CaoTo Aakar maoM saMkuicat haonao kI p`iËyaa maoM [tnaI Bayaanak
}Ymaa tqaa dbaava ka ]%padna
haota hO ijasakI tulanaa saUya- tqaa taraoM ko naaiBa maoM ]%pnna haonao vaalao
tap evaM dbaava sao ikyaa jaa sakta hO. baulabalaaoM ko Aakar maoM haonao vaalaa
yah AsaaQaarNa pirvat-na hI [sa p`iËyaa ko daOrana }Ymaa ]%padna ko ilae
]<ardayaI hO.
AnausaMQaanak<aa-AaoM
ko Anausaar baulabaulaaoM ko saMkucana kI [sa p`iËyaa ko daOrana [naka AaMtirk
tap lagaBaga ek kraoD, iDga`I saoilsayasa tqaa dbaava pRqvaI ko saamanya
vaayaumaMDlaIya dbaava kI tulanaa maoM lagaBaga ek Arba gaunaa tk baZ, jaata hO.
[tnaI AiQak }Ymaa tqaa dbaava kI ]%pi,<a ko baad BaI yah ]pkrNa pUrI trh
saurixat rhta hO¸ @yaaoM ik [sa p`kar ko tap evaM dbaava kI isqait saMkuicat
hao rho baulabaulaaoM maoM hI pirsaIimat rhtI hO. [sa p`iËyaa maoM p`kaSa kI
xaiNak camak BaI idKa[- dotI hO. saamaanya ‘saaonaao lyauimainasaoMsa’
kI tulanaa maoM baulabaulaaoM ko
saMkucana ko ilae lagaBaga dsa Krba AiQak ]jaa- ]plabQa haotI hO.
[sa
Ait ]cca tap evaM dbaava kI Avasqaa maoM iDyauToiryaoToD eisaTaona maoM isqat
iDyauToiryama ko prmaaNau ]saI p`kar saMlayailat haonao lagato hOM¸ ijasa p`kar
saUya- tqaa taraoM maoM ha[D/aojana ko prmaaNauAaoM ka saMlayana haota hO. [sa
p`iËyaa sao }jaa- tqaa nyauT/a^na ko inassarNa ko saaqa–saaqa gaamaa ikrNaaoM
ka ivaikrNa evaM T/a[iTyama jaOsao roiDyaao–QamaI- pdaqa- ka ]%padna BaI haota
hO. AitsaMvaodnaSaIla ]pkrNaaoM tqaa ivaSaoYa&aoM kI sahayata sao
saonaaoFyaUja,na kI [sa p`iËyaa sao jauD,o [sa pUro p`yaaoga ko daOrana haonao
vaalao ]prao> saBaI pirvat-naaoM sao saMbaMiQat AaMkD,aoM kao ek~ kr¸ ]naka
ivaSlaoYaNa ikyaa gayaa.
roMsaolar
pa^laIToi@nak ko nyaui@layar
[MjaIinayairMga ko p`aofosar ra^ba-T blaa^k nao [na p`yaaogaaoM maoM inassaairt
nyauT/a^nsa tqaa gaamaa ikrNaaoM kI saMsaUcanaa (detection)
ko ilae AitsaMvaodnaSaIla evaM nae p`kar ko ]pkrNa tM~ ko ivakasa maoM sahayata
dI. ivaiSaYT p`kar ko kMPyaUTr jainat ‘ha[D/aoDayanaimak Saa^k kaoD\sa’ kao
ivakisat kr roMsaolar pa^laIToi@nak ko
[MijanaIyairMga ko ek Anya p`aofosar laohI tqaa riSayana ekoDmaI Aa^f saa[Msa
sao saMbaw p`aofosar inagmaaTuilana nao baulabaulaaoM ko inamaa-Na evaM
saMkucana ko daOrana haonao vaalao pirvat-naaoM sao jauD,o AaMkDaoM ka saOwaMitk
ivaSlaoYaNa ikyaa.
yao
AaMkD,o tqaa ]naka ivaSlaoYaNa baulabaulaaoM
maoM hao rho naaiBakIya saMlayana kI p`iËyaaAaoM kI puiYT krto hOM.
baulabaulaaoM ko saMkucana ko
samaya p`kaSa kI xaiNak camak ko saaqa nyaUT^ana inassarNa kI dr lagaBaga dsa
laaK nyauT/a^na p`it saokoMD tk phuÐca jaatI hO tqaa [sa samaya nyauT/a^na
inassarNa sao ]%paidt }jaa- ka str lagaBaga 2 ,5
maogaaelao@T/ana vaaolT tk phuÐca jaata hO. }jaa- ka yah str iDyauToiryama–iDyauToiryama ko saMlayana ko ilae pyaa-Pt
hO. T/a[iTyama –]%padna BaI yahaÐ hao rhI naaiBakIya saMlayana kI p`iËyaaAaoM
kI Aaor hI [Saara krto hOM¸ @yaaoM ik [saka ]%padna naaiBakIya p`itiËyaaAaoM Wara hI saMBava
hO. saamaanya eisaTaona ko saaqa [na p`yaaogaaoM
kao duhranao pr T/a[iTyama ka ]%padna nahIM haota hO. kovala iDyauToiryaoToD
eisaTaona maoM hI haonao vaalaI yao p`iËyaaeÐ iDyauToiryama–iDyauToiryama
saMlayana kI hI puiYT krtI hoM.
jaOsaa
ik phlao BaI kha gayaa hO [na
p`yaaogaaoM Wara yao vaO&ainak ABaI ]sa isqait tk nahIM phuÐca pae hOM¸
jahaÐ [sa p`iËyaa ko ilae Kca- kI ga[- }jaa- kI tulanaa maoM ]%paidt }jaa- ka
str AiQak hao. [sa idSaa maoM ABaI bahutoro p`yaaogaaoM tqaa AnausaMQaana kI
AavaSyakta hO. p`yaaogaaoM kI AgalaI EaRMKlaa maoM [na laaogaaoM ka ]_oSya
saaonaaoFyauja,na ko ]pkrNaaoM kao ]sa str tk pirmaaija-t krnaa tqaa eosao
p`yaaoga krnaa hO¸ jaao nyauT/a^na tqaa }jaa- ]%padna kI saMBaavanaa
ko vyaavahairk pxa kao saaQanao maoM sahayak hao. AaSaa hO¸ hmaaro
vaO&ainak ek na ek idna &ana ko [sa str pr AvaSya phuÐcaoMgao tqaa
}jaa-–]%padna tqaa nyauT/a^na inassarNa ko
AaQaar pr kama krnao vaalao bahutoro eosao ]pkrNaaoM ka ivakasa saMBava hao sako
gaa¸ jaao sasto evaM bahu]pyaaogaI haoMgao.
|
