Dak iTkTaoM maoM gaaMQaI
—rajaoSa kumaar isaMh

Dak iTkT doSa ko eoithaisak AaOr saaMskRitk p`itinaiQa tao haoto hI hOM ]sa doSa pr pD,nao vaalao rajanaOitk p`Baava AaOr ]sakI janata ko Baavaa%mak Jaukava kao BaI p`diSa-t krto hOM.

Baart kI Aaja,adI maoM sa%ya AaOr AihMsaa ko hiqayaaraoM sao ivajaya p`aPt krnao vaalao gaaMQaI ka yah p`Baava pUro ivaSva ko DakiTkTaoM pr idKa[- dota hO. doSa ivadoSa ko iTkTaoM maoM doKoM tao gaMaQaI ka pUra jaIvana cair~ payaa jaa sakta hO.

saaqa ide gae ica~ maoM vaonaujauelaa maoM p`kaiSat 10 iTkTaoM ka ekla samaUh hO. dixaNa AmarIka maoM isqat [sa doSa ka yah iTkT samaUh 1997 maoM Baart kI 50 vaIM vaYa-gaaMz ko Avasar pr jaarI ikyaa gayaa qaa. [samaoM gaaMQaI jaI ko ica~ kao p`mauKta sao idKayaa gayaa hO. saaqa maoM Anya gaNamaanya naota¸ saaih%yakar AaOr vaO&ainak hOM. 

EaI maaohna dasa krmacaMd gaaMQaI ka janma 2 A@tUbar 1869 maoM BaartvaYa- ko gaujarat p`aMt maoM¸ paorbaMdr naamak sqaana pr huAa. Baart ko iksaI iTkT maoM ]nako bacapna ko ica~ nahIM imalato hOM¸ laoikna AmaoirkI mahaWIp maoM isqat 'enaTogauAa AaOr barbaUDa' naamak doSa nao gaaMQaI pr AaQaairt dao iTkT jaarI ike hOM. [namaoM ]nhoM TaopI phnao hue idKayaa gayaa hO.³naIcao´

daihnaI Aaor ko iTkT maoM ]nako ijasa ica~ ka p`yaaoga ikyaa gayaa hO ]samaoM vao lagaBaga saat vaYa- kI Aayau ko hMO. [sa iTkT kI pRYzBaUima maoM ]nakI p`aqaimak pazSaalaa idKa[- gayaI hO. p`aqaimak iSaxaa rajakaoT maoM 12 vaYa- kI Avasqaa maoM pUrI krnao ko pScaat Aagao kI iSaxaa ko ilae gaaMQaI jaI nao vaYa- 1881 maoM kaizyaavaaD, ha[-skUla maoM p`vaoSa ilayaa. ibalakula daihnaI Aaor ko iTkT maoM gaaMQaI jaI ka ica~ ]saI samaya ka hO. pRYzBaUima maoM kaizyaavaaD, ha[-skUla idKa[- do rha hO ijasaka naama Aajakla maha%maa gaaMQaI ha[-skUla hO. 1883 maoM gaaMQaI jaI ka ivavaah  kstUrbaa naaknajaI sao sampnna huAa jaao baad maoM kstUrbaa gaaMQaI ko naama sao jaanaI ga[-M.

maa~ 15 vaYa- kI Aayau maoM gaaMQaI jaI ko ipta ka dohaMt hao gayaa qaa laoikna [sako baavajaUd gaaMQaI jaI kI iSaxaa jaarI rhI AaOr 19 vaYa- kI Avasqaa maoM vaYa- 1888 maoM gaaMQaI jaI rajakaoT CaoD, kr baMba[- phuMcao jahaM sao ivaiQa kI iSaxaa ga`hNa krnao ko ilae vao samaud`I yaa~a ko Wara [MglaOND ko ilae rvaanaa hao gae. 

[MglaOMD maoM 13 jaUna 1891 kao vaoijaToiryana laMdna naama ko ek p~ maoM ]naka Saakahar ko ivaYaya maoM ek laoK p`kaiSat huAa. [sa laoK ko saaqa ]naka ek ica~ BaI p`kaiSat huAa qaa. eosaa samaJaa jaata hO ik AMga`oja,I vaoSaBaUYaa maoM AMga`oja, sao idKnao vaalao ivaVaqaI- gaaMQaI ka yah ica~ ]nako [MglaOMD p`vaasa ko daOrana 1888 sao 1891 ko baIca ilayaa gayaa haogaa. [sa ica~ kao AaQaar banaa kr Anaok doSaaoM nao DakiTkT jaarI ike hOM. 1998 maoM ja,Maibayaa nao BaI [sa ica~ pr ek iTkT jaarI ikyaa. 

maairSasa nao 1969 maoM gaaMQaI jaI kI svaNa- jayaMtI ko Avasar pr  Co iTkTaoM kI ek saundr saamaUihka jaarI kI. [saka phlaa iTkT BaI [saI ica~ kao AaQaar banaa kr p`kaiSat ikyaa gayaa qaa. baakI ko paMca iTkTaoM maoM gaaMQaI jaI kI Anya maud`ae Saaimala kI ga[- hOM. maairSasa maoM samaUh ko $p maoM jaarI ikyaa jaanao vaalaa yah phlaa iTkT qaa. Co iTkTaoM ko [sa saamaUihk iTkT ko haiSayao pr poMisala sao Baart ko ga`amaINa pirvaoSa ko Anaok sauMdr dRYya AMikt ike gae qao.³Agalao pRYz pr´

Do,Z vaYaao-M maoM maOiT/kulaoSana kI prIxaa pasa krnao ko ]praMt 11 jaUna 1891 kao gaaMQaI jaI nao ]cca nyaayaalaya ko baar kI sadsyata ga`hNa kI AaOr Agalao hI idna vao Baart ko ilae vaapsa cala pD,o. baMba[- Aanao ko baad gaaMQaI jaI kao Apnao Anaupisqait maoM Apnao maaM ko inaQana kI K,bar pta calaI. Baart vaapsaI ko kuC maah pScaat 26 navaMbar 1891 kao ]nhaoMnao baMba[- ]cca nyaayaalaya maoM vakalat ko ilae ApnaI p`vaoSa yaaicaka daiKla kI. p`aPt p`maaNaaoM ko Anausaar 14 ma[- 1892 kao ]nhoM kaizyaavaaD, nyaayaalaya maoM vakalat ka AByaasa p`arMBa krnao kI Anaumait imala ga[-. laoikna rajakaoT maoM vakalat jaarI rKnaa gaaMQaI jaI kao j,yaada nahIM sauhayaa AaOr Ap`Ola 1893 maoM gaaMQaI jaI kstUrbaa gaaMQaI AaOr Apnao pu~aoM kao Baart maoM hI CaoD, dixaNa AÍIka ko Drbana naamak sqaana pr isqat ek BaartIya vyavasaa[- kI kMpnaI dada Abadullaa eMD kMpnaI ko ilae kaya- krnaa svaIkar kr ilayaa. 

[sa trh sao vao puna: Baart CaoD, kr ek nae doSa dixaNa AÍIka phuMcao jahaM pr phlao sao hI AMga`oja,aoM ka Saasana cala rha qaa. Drbana maoM kaya- ko phlao saPtah maoM hI gaaMQaI jaI kao vyaapk p`mauKta imalaI jaba ]nhaoMnao nyaayaalaya maoM Apnao isar pr baMQaI pgaD,I ]tarnao ko bajaaya nyaayaalaya CaoD,naa hI ]icat samaJaa. 1896 maoM ]nako jaaohanasabaga- ko kayaa-laya maoM KIMcao gae ek ica~ kao Baart¸ dixaNa AÍIka¸ gauyaanaa¸ maarSala WIp AaOr ska^TlaOMD saiht k[- doSaaoM nao Apnao DakiTkTaoM ka ivaYaya banaayaa hO. maaSa-la dIp ko [sa iTkT maoM gaaMQaI jaI kao vahaM ko maja,dUraoM ko ihtaoM ko ilae AaMdaolana krto hue idKayaa gayaa hO.

[sa GaTnaa ko ek saPtah baad hI ip`Taoiryaa kI T/ona yaa~a saMbaMQaI vah bahucaica-t GaTnaa GaTI ijasao gaaMQaI jaI ko rajanaOitk jaIvana kI SauÉAat maanaa jaata hO. ipTrmaairTja,baga- naamak rolavao sToSana pr gaaMQaI jaI ko pasa p`qama EaoNaI ka iTkT haonao ko baavajaUd ]nhoM Qa@ko do kr baahr kr idyaa gayaa.³@yaaoMik ]na idnaaoM dixaNa AÍIka kI T/onaaoM kI p`qama EaoNaI maoM isaÔ- AMga`oja, hI yaa~a kr sakto qao´ [sa GaTnaa sao xaubQa maha%maa gaaMQaI nao Baart kao AMga`oja,aoM sao mau> kranao ka p`Na ilayaa. AaOr AMtt: ibanaa yauw laD,o isaÔ- sa%yaaga`h SaaMit AaOr Asahyaaoga ko Wara AMga`oja,aoM ko caMgaula sao Baart kao mau> kranao ka gaaMQaI jaI ka saMklp 15 Agast 1947 kao pUra huAa. 

[saI GaTnaa kao dSaa-to hue dixaNa AÍIka maoM 1995 maoM ek iTkT AaOr p`qamaidvasa AavarNa jaarI ikyaa gayaa. [sa iTkT maoM BaI gaaMQaI jaI ko ]prao@t faoTao ka hI p`yaaoga ikyaa gayaa hO. 1995 maoM dixaNa AÍIka nao Baart ko saaqa saMyau@t $p sao dao iTkTaoM ka ek samaUh jaarI ikyaa. [samaoM BaI yauvaa gaaMQaI kao p`diSa-t krnao ko ilae ]nakI [saI ÔaoTao kao caunaa gayaa. [sa samaUihka ko haiSae pr gaaMQaI jaI ko  kama maoM Aanao vaalaI dOinak vastuAaoM ka ica~aMkna hO. 

Aagao—