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icaiD,yaa
kI cahcahaT maoM ijaM,dgaI ko sapnao dja- hOM AaOr icaiD,yaa
kI ]D,ana maoM [na sapnaaoM kI tsvaIr iJalaimalaatI hO.
icaiD,yaa jaba cahcahatI hO tao maaOsama maoM taja,gaI Bar
jaatI hO¸ hvaaAaoM maoM gaunagaunaahT saI rca jaatI hO AaOr
ifja,a maoM madhaoSaI–saI Ca jaatI hO. ek maadkta cahMu
Aaor Gaulanao lagatI hO. icaiD,yaa ka AaMgana maoM Aanaa
ija,MdgaI maoM laya Bar dota hO. icaiD,yaa jaba danaa
caugatI hO tao baccao iktnaI hI dor tk Aplak ]sao inaharto
rhto hOM AaOr baujauga- maaM icaiD,yaaoM kao danaa Dala kr
saukUna haisala krtI hO. [saI trh icaiD,yaa ka manauYya ko
saaqa Baavanaa%mak irSta hO. laoikna AÔsaaosa² icaiD,yaaoM
ka saMsaar Aba isamaTta jaa rha hO AaOr [sako pICo
jaanao–Anajaanao manauYya ka BaI haqa hO. khIM eosaa na
hao ik ek idna AaMgana icaiD,yaaoM sao saUnaa hao jaae AaOr
icaiD,yaa kI cahcahaT ko ilae maaOsama trsa jaae¸ hvaaeM
trsa jaaeM AaOr hma saba trsa jaaeM.
hala hI maoM
hue savao-xaNaaoM sao pta calaa hO ik GarolaU icaiD,yaaoM kI
saM#yaa idnaaoM–idna GaTtI jaa rhI hO AaOr [naka Aist%va
lagaatar saMkT maoM hO. icaiD,yaaoM kao saurxaa p`dana krnao
vaalao pxaI ivaSaoYa& laMdna ko ga`ahma maaDoja ka khnaa
hO ik jaba sao KotI maoM nayaI–nayaI tknaIkoM p`yaaoga
maoM Aa[- hOM¸ KotaoM maoM ]znao–baOznao vaalaI [na
GarolaU icaiD,yaaoM pr [saka baura Asar pD,a hO. laoikna
ijasa tojaI sao [Qar kuC saalaaoM maoM GarolaU icaiD,yaaoM
kI saM#yaa maoM kmaI Aa[- hO¸ vah icaMtajanak hO. ek savao-
maoM payaa gayaa ik yah icaiD,yaaM gaaMvaaoM maoM j,yaada
payaI jaatI qaIM. laoikna Aajakla gaaMvaaoM maoM BaI GarolaU
icaiD,yaaM kma hI naja,r AatI hOM. [Qar tIsa saalaaoM maoM
ivaiBanna p`jaaityaaoM kI icaiD,yaaoM kI saM#yaa maoM 65
p`itSat kI kmaI Aa[- hO. maaDoja ko Anausaar nar icaiD,yaaoM
kI phcaana j,yaada Aasaana hO. [nako isar pr maTmaOlao rMga
ka maukuT jaOsaa haota hO AaOr [nakI caaoMca kalao rMga kI
haotI hO jabaik maada icaiD,yaa pIlao rMga kI¸ kuC CaoTI
laoikna maaoTI haotI hOM. tIsa saala phlao nar icaiD,yaaM
baD,I saM#yaa maoM naja,r AatI qaIM laoikna ipClao kuC
saalaaoM maoM [nakI saM#yaa maoM 58 p`itSat kI kmaI Aa[- hO.
SaaoQakta-AaoM
ka khnaa hO ik jaMgalaaoM maoM pa[- jaanao vaalaI
icaiD,yaaoM kI saM#yaa BaI tojaI sao GaT rhI hO. ipClao
paMca saalaaoM maoM jaMgalaI icaiD,yaaoM kI kmaI icaMtajanak
banaI hu[- hO. pixayaaoM kao bacaanao ko p`yaasa maoM jauTI
iba`Tona kI SaahI saaosaayaTI ko p`mauK Da ,maak- AaovarI
nao gaunagaunaanao vaalaI icaiD,yaa ³saaoMga qa`OSa´ ko
BaivaYya pr gahrI icaMta jata[- hO. iba`iTSa sarkar ko ek
AQyayana sao pta calata hO ik 1970 sao 1998 ko maQya [sa
p`jaait kI AabaadI maoM 55 fIsadI kI BaarI igaravaT Aa[- hO.
pxaI
ivaSaoYa&aoM ka khnaa hO ik gaaMvaaoM ka tojaI sao
SahraoM maoM badlanaa AaOr prMpragat ÌiYa ko taOr–trIkaoM
kI jagah AaQauinaktma trIkaoM ko p`yaaoga nao [sa icaiD,yaa
kI Aaja,adI AaOr svacCMd jaIvana pr AkuMSa lagaa idyaa hO.
[sanao kID,o–makaoD,o Kanao vaalaI [sa icaiD,yaa ko
pirjanaaoM kao BaUKo marnao kI isqait maoM laakr KD,a kr
idyaa hO. [sako Alaavaa maaOsama ko pirvat-naaoM sao BaI
gaanao vaalaI icaiD,yaaM ACUtI nahIM rhI hOM.
ek Anya
AQyayana ko mautaibak 'Ala–naInaao' ko baZ,nao kI
saMBaavanaaAaoM ko saaqa hI ]<arI Amaoirka ko jaMgalaaoM
maoM gaanao vaalaI icaiD,yaaoM kI saM#yaa maoM BaarI kmaI
hao saktI hO. dixaNa Amaoirka ko piScama tT ko saharo
p`SaaMt mahasaagar maoM calanao vaalaI zMDI samaud`I
jalaQaara ko ga,ma- hao jaanao AaOr [sa samaud`I jalaQaara
ko AaOr piScama kI Aaor baZ,kr pUro ivaSva ko tapmaana AaOr
vaYaa- kao p`Baaivat krnao kI GaTnaa kao 'Ala–naInaao'
khto hOM jabaik [sakI zIk ]laT GaTnaa kao 'Ala–naInaa' kha
jaata hO. 'DaT- maa]qa kalaoja' AaOr 'tulaanao
yaUinavaisa-TI' ³Amaoirka´ ko SaaoQakima-yaaoM nao kalao
kMzaoM vaalao pxaI 'vaaba-lar' pr p`aÌitk maaOsamaI caËaoM
ko p`BaavaaoM ka AQyayana ikyaa hO. [sa AQyayana ko
mautaibak Aanao vaalao saalaaoM maoM¸ jaba 'Ala–naInaao'
caË Sau$ haogaa tba [na p`vaasaI gaanao vaalao pMiCyaaoM pr
baura Asar pD,ogaa.
SaaoQakmaI-
TI ,ska^T isalaoT ko mautaibak 'Ala–naInaao' ko p`Baava
sao nyaU hOmpSaayar AaOr jamaOka maoM kID,o–makaoD,aoM kI
saM#yaa maoM kaÔI kmaI Aa jaaegaI. nyaU hOmpSaayar
pixayaaoM ka p`janana sqala hO jabaik jamaOka maoM ]naka
SaIt p`vaasa haota hO. [sako pirNaamasva$p yao icaiD,yaaM
'Ala–naInaao' ko daOrana bahut kma AMDo do patI hOM.
idlacasp $p sao 'laa–naInaa' vaYaao-M ko daOrana [na
icaiD,yaaoM kao kaÔI maa~a maoM kID,o–makaoD,o imala
jaato hOM. [sa vajah sao yao AiQak baccao pOda kr laotI hOM.
isalaoT ko mautaibak ivaSva ka tapmaana baZ,nao ko karNa
'Ala–naInaao' ko jaldI Aanao kI saMBaavanaaeM baZ,tI jaa
rhI hOM. 'Ala–naInaao' ka jaldI–jaldI Aanaa hI [sa CaoTI
jaMgalaI icaiD,yaa ko Aist%va ko ilae K,tra saaibat hao
sakta hO. [sasao baava-lar ka p`janana dr SaUnya tk phuMca
sakta hO.
Ala–naInaao
kI vajah sao Baart maoM BaI maanasaUna pvanaaoM pr p`Baava
pD,ta hO. ijasa vaYa- Ala–naInaao p`SaaMt mahasaagar ko
}pr Aata hO¸ ]sa vaYa- Baart maoM maanasaUna kI vaYaa- kma
hao jaatI hO AaOr [sako karNa Baart maoM BaI saa[baoiryaa[-
Ëona AaOr Anya p`vaasaI pixayaaoM ka Baart ko saup`isaw
p`aiNa AByaarNyaaoM maoM Aanaa kma hao jaata hO.
ivaSaoYa&aoM
nao fsalaaoM ko badlao caohro kao BaI pixayaaoM ko ilae
K,tra krar idyaa hO. AnauvaaMiSak taOr pr $patMirt paOQaaoM
yaa 'jaonaoiTklaI maa^iDfa[D, ³jaI ema´ Ëa^Psa' kI KotI
Aajakla piScamaI doSaaoM maoM Aama hO. [na paOQaaoM kI
ivaSaoYata yah hO ik na tao [nhoM saMËmaNa ka j,yaada K,tra
haota hO AaOr na hI nauksaanadayak rasaayainak KadaoM kI
j,yaada ja,$rt haotI hO. Aajakla imalanao vaalao rsaayanaaoM
maoM DUbao AnaajaaoM ko maukabalao [na sao p`aPt Anaaja khIM
baohtr AaOr paoYak maanao jaa rho hOM. laoikna [na tmaama ÔayadaoM
ko baavajaUd jaI ,ema ,paOQao K,traoM sao KalaI nahIM. yah
isaw ikyaa hO [-sT eMiglayaa ivaSvaivaValaya ko kuC
vaO&ainakaoM nao. ]nako Wara ivakisat gaiNatIya maa^Dla
ko Anausaar nayao jaI ,ema ,paOQao saMËmaNariht tao haoto
hI hOM laoikna Apnao Aasapasa ko xao~ kI Krptvaar ]pja maoM
BaI vao tkrIbana nabbao fIsadI tk kmaI laa doto hOM. Aba
caUMik Krptvaar saM#yaa saIQao–saIQao KotaoM ko Aasapasa
pae jaanao vaalaI icaiD,yaaoM kI saM#yaa sao jauD,I hO¸
[sailae yah tya hO ik Krptvaar kma haonao pr icaiD,yaaM BaI
kma hao jaaeMgaI.
kuC
caaOMkanao vaalao AaMkD,aoM ko mautaibak eosao paOQaaoM kI
iba`Tona maoM ipClao 25 vaYaao-M sao cala rhI KotI ko karNa
vahaM pae jaanao vaalaI kuC icaiD,yaaoM kI tadad 90 fIsadI
tk kma hao ga[- hO. kuC vaO&ainak maanato hOM ik yaid
[na paOQaaoM kI KotI maoM kmaI na laa[- ga[- tao jaldI hI
[sako kuC AaOr vyaapk $p sao hainakark p`Baava saamanao
Aanao lagaoMgao.
savao-xaNaaoM
ko mautaibak Baart maoM BaI pixayaaoM kI 78 p`jaaityaaoM ko
lauPt haonao ka K,tra pOda hao gayaa hO. Baart ko baahr hr
Aaz maoM sao ek pxaI kI p`jaait pr saMkT hO jabaik Baart
maoM 1200 maoM sao 78 pixayaaoM kI p`jaaityaaM lauPt haonao
ko kgaar pr phuMca ga[- hOM. pxaI iva&ainakaoMM ka
maananaa hO ik samaya rhto yaid ]paya nahIM ike gae tao
maaOjaUda pixayaaoM maoM sao k[- p`jaaityaaM Agalao dsa
vaYaao-M maoM samaaPt hao jaaeMgaI. savao-xaNaaoM ko
Anausaar Baart maoM pixayaaoM ko samaaPt haonao kI dr
lagaatar baZ, rhI hO. manauYya Wara Kot kao bacaanao ko ilae
pixayaaoM kao maarnaa¸ ]naka iSakar krnaa AaOr pkD, kr
baaja,ar maoM baocanaa [na pixayaaoM ko lauPt haonao ka
karNa bana rha hO.
baaMbao
naOcaurla ihsT/I saaosaa[TI ko AiQakarI Aa[jaok koihmakr ko
Anausaar halaaMik pixayaaoM ka lauPt haonaa samayabaw p`aÌitk
p`iËyaa hO¸ laoikna duinayaaBar maoM pyaa-varNa pr
maanavajainat p`Baava pD,nao sao pixayaaoM ko samaaPt haonao
maoM [saka Asar j,yaada idKa[- pD, rha hO. ]naka khnaa hO ik
isqait inaiScat $p sao icaMtajanak hO. hr pxaI kI p`jaait
saaO vaYa- maoM samaaPt haotI hO laoikna irkaD- batato hOM
ik ipClao saaO vaYaao-M maoM pixayaaoM kI 128 p`jaaityaaM
samaaPt hu[- hOM. vaYa- 1800 ko baad sao 103 p`jaaityaaoM ko
lauPt haonao ka Anaumaana hO.
[MTrnaOSanala
yaUinayana far kMjarvaoSana Aa^f naocar ko Anausaar duinayaa
Bar maoM pixayaaoM kI 182 p`jaaityaaM K,tro maoM hO. eosao
BaI saMkot imalao hOM ik ijasa trh sao [naka Aist%va imaT
rha hO¸ Agalao dsa vaYaao-M yaa tIna pIiZ,yaaoM baad yao
p`jaaityaaM lauPt hao jaaeMgaI. pixayaaoM pr lagaatar ike
jaa rho AQyayana sao pta calaa hO ik Baart maoM ijana saat
pixayaaoM ko ivalauPt haonao ka savaa-iQak K,tra hO ]namaoM
gaulaabaI gad-na vaalaa batK rohnaaodaonaosaa
koiryaaosaa[laa lauPt p`aya: hO. lagaBaga 117 saala baad ifr
sao KaojaI ga[- ]llaU kI dula-Ba p`jaait Aqaonao baolaivaTTI
AaOr 86 vaYa- baad KaojaI ga[- jama-na kI Ta[naaopoilasa
ivaTao@yaUyasa BaI K,tro kI isqait maoM hO. yahI nahIM
ihmaalaya kI kMdraAaoM maoM payaa jaanao vaalaa baTor
Aaoproisayaa saupr isalaIAaosaa ko BaI samaaPt haonao kI
AaSaMka hO. saa[-baoiryaa ka saarsa ga`usa lyaUkaogaonaaorsa
BaI kma haota jaa rha hO.
maMdar
naocar @laba ³Baagalapur´ ko pUva- saicava ArivaMd imaEa
ka khnaa hO ik Baart maoM pixayaaoM kI 76 p`jaaityaaM
ivalauPt haonao ko kgaar pr hOM. yah isqait tba hO jaba doSa
maoM vanya jaIvaaoM ko saMrxaNa ko ]_oSya sao 75 raYT/Iya
]Vana¸ 447 ABayaarNya¸ 22 vyaaGa` piryaaojanaaeM AaOr 8
baayaaosfoyar hOM. ibahar kI isqait Anya rajyaaoM kI tulanaa
maoM bad sao badtr hO. imaEa batato hOM ik Aba higa-la¸
ga$D,¸ QaIMk¸ caao[-¸ kalajaMgaa¸ saarsa¸ iTmaiTimayaa
tao naja,r hI nahIM Aato jaao hala–hala ko vaYaao-M tk
doSa AaOr K,asa kr ibahar maoM doKo jaato qao. [sako Alaavaa
CaoTa ga$D,¸ maCrMga¸ Kormauityaa¸ laaohasaaMrga¸
camacaa bajaa¸ ËaoMca¸ baD,I isallaI ko BaI dSa-na
kBaI–kBaar haoto hOM.
vanya jaIva
ivaSaoYa&aoM ko Anausaar fsalaaoM kI pOdavaar baZ,anao
ko ilae p`yaaoga maoM laae jaa rho k[- kITnaaSak¸ jaao
ivaSva maoM p`itbaMiQat hOM¸ vao Baart maoM QaD,llao sao
p`yau> hao rho hOM. pSau–pixayaaoM kI p`jaaityaaoM kao
bacaanao ko ilae yah ja,$rI hO ik ÌiYa ivaBaaga p`itbaMiQat
kITnaaSakaoM kao vaak[- maoM p`itbaMiQat kr do taik kao[-
BaI ]naka ]pyaaoga na kr sako¸ tBaI jaakr [sa trh kI
GaTnaaAaoM sao bacaa jaa sakta hO. ivaSaoYa&aoM ko
Anausaar kITnaaSak p`Baaivat caara Kakr marnao vaalao
pSau–pixayaaoM ka maaMsa igawaoM ko ilae BaI kala bana rha
hO AaOr yahI vajah hO ik duinayaaBar maoM igaw Aaja lauPt
haoto jaa rho hOM.
pxaI evaM
]nako maaQyama sao saMpUNa- jaOva–ivaivaQata ka saMrxaNa
krnao ko ilae Amaoirka¸ yaUraop saiht Anya doSaaoM maoM
'mah%vapUNa- pxaI sqala kaya-Ëma' Sau$ ikyaa gayaa hO. [sa
kaya-Ëma ko tht Baart maoM Sau$ hue AiBayaana maoM
'[MiDyana vaD- kMjarvaoSana naoTvak-' nao [sa idSaa maoM
kama krnao vaalaI saMsqaaAaoM kao ekjauT krko ]nhoM
p`iSaxaNa donaa Sau$ ikyaa hO. [sako tht mah%vaUpNa- pxaI
sqalaaoM kI phcaana kI jaa rhI hO. [sa kaya- maooM doSa kI
dao saMsqaaAaoM vaD- laa[-f [MTrnaOSanala AaOr ra^yala
saaosaayaTI fa^r d p`aoTo@Sana Aa^f baD\-sa kI BaI madd
imala rhI hO. [na ]_oSyaaoM kI p`aiPt ko ilae naoTvak- nao
ivaiBanna rajyaaoM maoM pixayaaoM ko xao~ maoM ivaSaoYa
AnauBava AaOr idlacaspI rKnao vaalao laaogaaoM kao rajya
samanvayak inayau> ikyaa hO.
laMdna ko
pxaI ivaSaoYa& ga`ahma maaDoja nao tao pMiCyaaoM K,asakr
icaiD,yaaoM kao bacaanao ko ilae janata sao AnauraoQa ikyaa
hO ik vah Apnao GaraoM maoM icaiD,yaaoM ko rhnao ko ilae
GaaoMsalao jaOsao ba@sao banaaeM. K,asakr p`janana ko samaya
AaOr jaaD,o maoM icaiD,yaaoM kao Kanao kI sauivaQaa p`dana
kroM AaOr Apnao Gar ko baahr bagaIcaaoM maoM qaaoD,I jagah
icaiD,yaaoM ko ilae BaI CaoD,o taik vao vahaM Aakr Apnao
GaaOMsalaoM banaa sakoM.
pxaI
ivaSaoYa& pixayaaoM kao lauPt haonao sao bacaanao ko
ilae janacaotnaa AaOr janasahBaaigata kao ja,$rI samaJato
hOM. knvaoMSana Aa^na [MTrnaoSanala T/oD [na [DonagaaD-
spIiSaja AaOr naoSanala baayaaoDa[vaisa-TI sT/oijasa eMD
e@Sana Plaana tao pixayaaoM kao bacaanao AaOr janacaotnaa
pOda krnao ko AiBayaana maoM baZ,–caZ, kr jauTI hO.
pixayaaoM kao ivalauPt haonao sao bacaanao ko ilae ek
dIGa-kalaIna kaya- yaaojanaa kao Amala maoM laanao kI
AavaSyakta hO. p`dUiYat haoto vaatavarNa AaOr QartI ko
baZ,to tapmaana pr Balao hI hmaara vaSa na calao laoikna
pixayaaoM kI cahcahaT kao ija,Mda rKnao ko ilae hma
ehityaatI ]paya tao kr hI sakto hOM. AaiK,r icaiD,yaaoM kI
cahcahaT sao saUnaa haota AaMgana Balaa iksakao AcCa
lagaogaa.
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