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DI•ena•e• yaaina
DIAa^@saIra[baaoja, nyaui@lak eisaD – jaIvana ko saaro
rhsyaaoM tqaa jaiTlataAaoM kao Apnaoo maoM samaoTo hue [sa
rsaayana ka naama Aaja Saayad hI kao[- pZ,a–ilaKa
[Msaana hao ijasanaoo na saunaa hao. DIAa^@saIra[baaoja,
Saugar¸ fa^sfoT tqaa eDoinana¸ gauAainana¸ saa[Taoisana
evaM qaa[imana jaOsao Pyauirna evaM payarIimaDIna p`kar ko
naa[T/aojana baosaoja, sao inaima-t DI•ena•e• ko
ANauAaoM kI saMrcanaa daohro kuMDilanaI Aqaa-t\ rssaI sao
banao Gaumaavadar saIZ,I jaOsaI haotI hO. yahaM ekaMtirt
$p sao vyaisqat DIAa^@saIra[baaoja, tqaa fa^sfoT ko ANau
[sa saIZ,I kI rssaI ka kama krto hOM. samaaMtr ZMga sao
vyaisqat eosaI daonaaoM rissayaaoM ko p`%yaok
DIAa^@saIra[baaoja, ko kaba-na naMbar 1 sao eDoinana¸
gauAainana¸ saa[Taoisana Aqavaa qaa[imana ka ek ANau
jauD,a haota hO. yao ANau rssaI sao Andr kI Aaor ]nmauK
haoto hOM. yahaM vyavasqaa [sa p`kar kI haotI hO ik ek
rssaI sao jauD,o eDoinana sadOva dUsarI rssaI sao jauD,o
qaa[imana ko saamanao haoto hOM tqaa gauAainana¸ dUsarI
rssaI sao jauD,o saa[Taoisana ko saamanao haoto hOM.
eDoinana¸ qaa[imana sao duhro ha[D/aojana baaMD tqaa
gauAainana¸ saa[Taoisana sao ithro ha[D/aojana baaMD Wara
jauD, kr [na daonaaoM rissayaaoM kao jaaoD,nao vaalao
DMDaoM ka kama krto hOM.
[na DMDaoM ko baIca kI dUrI 0 ,34 naOnaao maITr evaM
DIAa@saIra[baaoja, tqaa fa^sfoT sao banaI daonaaoM
rissayaaoM ko baIca kI dUrI 2 naOnaao maITr haotI hO. [na
rissayaaoM ka Gaumaava p`%yaok 34 naOnaao maITr ko baad
Aata hO Aqaa-t\ iknhI BaI dao GaumaaAaoM ko baIca
eDoinana–qaa[imana Aqavaa saa[Taoisana–gauAainana ko
yaaoga sao banao dsa DMDo haoto hOM. DI•ena•e• ko
ANau iktnao saUxma haoto hOM¸ [saka Anaumaana [saI baat
sao lagaayaa jaa sakta hO ik maITr ka ArbavaaM ihssaa ek
naOnaao maITr khlaata hO. haM¸ basa DI•ena•e• ko
ANau kI laMbaa[- inaiScat nahIM haotI Aqaa-t\ naa[T/aojana
baosa ko yaaoga sao banaI saIiZ,yaaoM kI kula saM#yaa
DI•ena•e• ko Alaga–Alaga ANauAaoM maoM
Alaga–Alaga hao saktI hO. saaqa hI [nakI vyavasqaa BaI
DI•ena•e• ko Alaga–Alaga ANauAaoM maoM hI nahIM
bailk ek ANau ko ivaiBanna ihssaaoM maoM BaI Alaga–Alaga
ZMga sao hao saktI hO.
iktnao eDoinana–qaa[imana sao banao DMDaoM ko baad
saa[Taoisana–gauAainana ko yaaoga sao banao iktnao DMDo
vyavaisqat haoMgao – yah DI•ena•e• ko
Alaga–Alaga ANauAaoM kI hI nahIM¸ Aiptu [sako iksaI ek
ANau ko ivaiBanna ihssaaoM kI BaI ApnaI ivaiSaYTta haotI
hO. yah ivaiSaYTta DI•ena•e• ko ANau ko ek ihssao
kao dUsaro ihssao sao saMrcanaa%mak $p sao hI nahIM¸
bailk kaya-–$p maoM BaI Alaga krtI hO. DI•ena•e•
ko ANau ka ek ihssaa [na naa[T/aojana baosaoja, kI
ivaiSaYT vyavasqaa ko $p maoM kUT BaaYaa maoM vah rhsya
iCpae rhta hO¸ ijasako bala iksaI ek p`aoTIna–ivaSaoYa
ko ANauAaoM ka inamaa-Na ikyaa jaa sakta hO tao iksaI
dUsaro ihssao sao iksaI Anya p`aoTIna–ivaSaoYa ko
ANauAaoM ka. DI•ena•e• ko ijasa ihssao sao ek p`kar
ko p`aoTIna ka inamaa-Na saMBava hO¸ ]sao
jaIna–ivaSaoYa kI saM&a dI jaa saktI hO tao dUsaro
Baaga kao¸ ijasasao iksaI Anya p`kar ko p`aoTIna ko
ANauAaoM ka inamaa-Na saMBava hO – dUsaro
jaIna–ivaSaoYa kI saM&a dI jaa saktI hO.
iksaI kaoiSaka maoM [tnao jaInsa AvaSya haoto hOM ijanako
Wara kaoiSaka kI saMrcanaa ko saaqa–saaqa jaIvana
pyaM-Mt calanao vaalaI ivaiBanna jaOva–rasaayainak p`itiËyaaAaoM
ko saMcaalana maoM p`yau@t haonao vaalao naanaa p`kar ko
p`aoTInsa ko ANauAaoM ka inamaa-Na ikyaa jaa sako. ³caMUik
[namaoM sao bahutoro p`aoTInsa enja,a[msa ka kaya- krto
hOM AtÁ [nakI sahayata sao kaoiSaka kI ivaiBanna
jaOva–rasaayainak p`itiËyaaAaoM ka saMcaalana haota hO¸
ijanako flasva$p }jaa- }%padna sao laokr saBaI p`kar ko
jaOva–rsaayanaaoM ka inamaa-Na saMBava hO ijanakI
AavaSyakta ]sa kaoiSaka kao haotI hO.´ yah AaOr baat hO
ik yao saaro jaInsa DI•ena•e• ko ek hI ANau maoM
samaaiht haoM–jaOsaa ik vaa[rsa tqaa baO@TIiryaa jaOsao
saaQaarNa jaIvaaoM maoM haota hO yaa ifr kaoiSaka ko
kond`k maoM pae jaanao vaalao ivaiBanna Ëaomaaoja,aomsa
maoM Avaisqat DI•ena•e• ko Alaga–Alaga ANauAaoM
maoM samaaiht haoM–jaOsaa ik ]cca EaoNaI ko jaIvaaoM kI
kaoiSakaAaoM maoM haota hO. ³iksaI ek Ëaomaaoja,aoma kI
saMrcanaa maoM p`aoTInsa tqaa DI•ena•e•– daonaaoM
ko ANauAaoM ka haqa haota hO. iksaI kaoiSaka ko ek Ëaomaaoja,aoma
ko DI•ena•e• maoM samaaiht jaInsa ]saI kaoiSaka ko
Anya Ëaomaaoja,aoma ko DI•ena•e• maoM samaaiht
jaInsa sao na kovala saM#yaa maoM Aiptu gauNava<aa maoM
BaI Alaga haoto hOM.´
DI•ena•e• ko [na ANauAaoM kI ek ivaSaoYata yah BaI
hO ik [namaoM eDoinana–qaa[imana tqaa
saa[Taoisana–gauAainana kao jaaoD,nao vaalao duhro AaOr
ithro ha[D/aojana baaMD\sa kmajaaor haoto hOM¸ flatÁ
ivaSaoYa pirisqaityaaoM maoM yao TUT jaato hOM. [nako
TUTnao sao DI•ena•e• kI daonaaoM rissayaaM Apnao trf
ko naa[T/aojana baosaoja, ko saaqa ija,pr kI trh Kulanao
lagatI hOM.
kaoiSaka ko saamaanya jaOivak iËyaa–kala maoM
samaya–samaya pr DI•ena•e• ko AMSa–ivaSaoYa ³ijanhoM
jaIna–ivaiSaYT kI saM&a dI jaa saktI hO´ hI Kulato
hOM. [sa p`kar Alaga hu[- daonaaoM rissayaaoM maoM ek tao
Aqa-hIna haotI hO prMtu dUsarI saaMcao $pI PlaoTfa^ma- ka
kama krtI hO¸ ijasako }pr ek Anya rsaayana¸ ra[baaoja,
nyaui@lak eisaD ³Aar•ena•e•´ ko CaoTo–CaoTo
ANauAaoM inamaa-Na haota hO. DI•ena•e• ko ek
AMSa–ivaSaoYa ³jaIna´ sao inaima-t Aar•ena•e• ko
ANauAaoM kI saMrcanaa DI•ena•e• ko dUsaro AMSa ³dUsaro
jaIna´ sao inaima-t Aar•ena•e• ko ANauAaoM sao
iBanna haotI hO. [na Aar•ena•e• ko ANauAaoM ka
]pyaaoga Alaga–Alaga p`kar ko p`aoTInsa ko saMSlaoYaNa
maoM haota hO.
kaoiSaka ivaBaajana ko samaya DI•ena•e• kI daonaaoM
rissayaaM ]prao@t ZMga sao hI KulatI hOM¸ basa AMtr
kovala [tnaa haota hO ik DI•ena•e• ka saMpUNa- ANau
ek isaro sao dUsaro isaro tk Kulata calaa jaata hO tqaa
daonaaoM hI rissayaaM saaMcao $pI PlaoTfa^ma- ka kaya-
krtI hOM¸ ijana pr nae DI•ena•e• kI ek–ek rssaI
ka saMSlaoYaNa haota hO. yao na[- rissayaaM puranao
DI•ena•e• kI ]sa rssaI ka p`it$p haotI hOM¸
ijanasao saaMcao $pI PlaoTfa^ma- ka kaya- krnao vaalaI
rssaI Alaga hu[- hO. [sa p`iËyaa ko flasva$p
DI•ena•e• ko ek ANau sao DI•ena•e• ko dao
ANauAaoM ka inamaaNa- haota hO. kaoiSaka ivaBaajana ko
samaya [namaoM sao ek ANau ek na[- kaoiSaka kao imalata hO
tao dUsara ANau dUsarI na[- kaoiSaka kao. [sa p`kar
ivaBaaijat haonao vaalaI kaoiSaka ko DI•ena•e• ko
ANauAaoM maoM ijatnao jaInsa samaaiht haoto hO ]sakI
ek–ek p`it daonaaoM hI saMtit kaoiSakaAaoM kao imala
jaatI hO. Aqaa-t [na na[- kaoiSakaAaoM maoM ivaBaaijat
haonao vaalaI kaoiSaka ko saBaI gauNa DI•ena•e• ko
ANauAaoM ko $p maoM hI sqaanaaMtirt haoto hMO.
jaIvana ko hr rMga¸ ZMga
AaOr $p kao Apnao maoM samaoTo hue DI•ena•e• ko [na
saUxma ANauAaoM kI saMrcanaa evaM kaya-–ivaiQa kao
]prao@t kuC hI AnaucCodaoM maoM samaJaanaa AaOr samaJanaa
iktnaa Aasaana hO. laoikna [sao zIk ZMga sao phlaI baar
samaJanao–baUJanao maoM vaO&ainakaoM Wara kI ga[-
maohnat–maSa@kt Apnao–Aap maoM iksaI rhsya–raomaaMca
sao BarI kqaa sao kma nahIM hO. [sa kqaa ko mahanaayak
inaiva-vaad $p sao jaomsa vaOT\sana tqaa ÍOMisasa iËk
rho hOM¸ prMtu [sa pUrI kqaa maoM eosao bahutoro naayak
³naaiyaka BaI´¸ sahnaayak evaM Anya pa~ rho hOM ijanakI
BaUimaka kI ]poxaa nahIM kI jaa saktI. jaomsa vaOT\sana
tqaa ÍOMisasa iËk Wara 25 ApO`la 1953 maoM naocar jaOsaI
p`itiYzt pi~ka maoM DI•ena•e• kI saMrcanaa evaM
[sakI kaya- ivaiQa kao samaJaato hue p`kaiSat AalaoK nao
[nhoM rataoM –rat ivaSva–p`isaw kr naaobaola p`a[ja,
ko drvaajao pr KD,a kr idyaa. ³ifija,yaaolaa^jaI tqaa
maoiD,isana ko xao~ maoM mah<vapUNa- Kaoja ko ilae
vaOT\sana¸iË`k tqaa [sa kqaa ko ek AaOr naayak ivailkMsa
kao 1962 ko naaobaola purskar sao sammaainat ikyaa gayaa´
28 jaulaa[- 2004 kao [sa kqaa ko ek mahanaayak tqaa
AaQauinak Daiva-na ko naama sao sammaainat ÍOMisasa iËk
ka 88 vaYa- kI Aayau maoM dohavasaana hao gayaa.
EawaMjaila ko $p maoM DI•ena•e• kI Kaoja sao jauD,I
kqaa ko kuC raocak phlauAaoM pr iva&ana vaata- ko [sa
AMk maoM ek baar ifr sao dRiYTpat krnaa p`asaMigak evaM
sama–saamaaiyak hO.
tao¸ kqaa Sau$ krto hOM vaOT\sana AaOr iËk ko [sa kqaa
maoM pdap-Na sao lagaBaga ek sadI phlao sao ,, , ,.
vaastva maoM mah<vapUNa- jaOva–rasaayainak pdaqaao-M
ko $p maoM fOT\sa¸ kabaao-ha[D/oT\sa–ivaSaoYakr
Saugasa- evaM sTaca-\sa¸ p`aoTInsa tqaa nyaui@lak
eisaD\sa kI phcaana 1860 ko dSak tk hI kr laI ga[- qaI.
[na saba maoM nyaui@lak eisaD\sa kI phcaana sabasao baad
maoM hu[-. ek icaik%sak kI yaaogyata rKnao vaalaoo
svaIiDSa baayaaokoimasT ÍoiD/k imasSar nao 1860 ko dSak
maoM Asptala maoM saja-rI ko raoigayaaoM ko Gaava sao hTae
ga[- pi+yaaoM pr lagao psa sao kaoiSakaAaoM kao Alaga kr
ek nae rsaayana ka pta lagaayaa. caMUik yah rsaayana
kaoiSakaAaoM ko nyaui@layasa sao p`aPt huAa qaa tqaa [sakI
saMrcanaa jaOivak iËyaa–klaapaoM maoM Aba tk sabasao
mah<vapUNa- samaJao jaanao vaalao rsaayana p`aoTInsa
sao Alaga qaI¸ AtÁ [nhaoMnao [sao nyau@laIna naama
idyaa. yahI nahIM¸ [nhaoMnao eosaI tknaIik ka ivakasa
ikyaa¸ ijasasao naanaa p`kar kI kaoiSakaAaoM sao
nyaui@layasa kao Alaga kr nyau@laIna kao AasaanaI sao
p`aPt ikyaa jaa sako. baad maoM imasSar nao nyau@laIna ko
rasaayainak GaTkaoM ka BaI pta lagaanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa.
p`aoTInsa maoM pae jaanao vaalao kaba-na¸ ha[D/aojana¸
Aa^@saIjana tqaa naa[T/aojana ko Aitir@t [namaoM ivaSaoYa
$p sao fa^sfaorsa BaI payaa gayaa ³yah vah samaya qaa
jaba AnauvaaMiSakI ko ipta kho jaanao vaalao maoMDla nao
AnauvaaMiSak inayamaaoM kI vyaa#yaa krto hue Apnaa
SaaoQa–p~ p`kaiSat ikyaa qaa.´ Aagao Aanao vaalao
vaYaao-M maoM imasSar nao yah BaI pta lagaa ilayaa ik
nyau@laIna ko ANau kafI baDo, haoto hOM tqaa [namaoM k[-
eisaiDk ga`uPsa samaaiht haoto hOM. nyau@laIna¸
nyaui@layasa maoM ek Anya rsaayana p`aoTamaIna ³ek p`kar
ka p`aoTIna´ sao saMbaw rhta hO.
1870 ko dSak maoM hI nyaui@layasa maoM pae jaanao vaalao
Ëaomaaoja,aomsa kI phcaana hao caukI qaI evaM 1880 ko
dSak maoM maa[Taoisasa Wara kaoiSaka ivaBaajana kI p`iËyaa
ka &ana BaI hao cauka qaa. saaqa hI 1881 maoM eDvaD-
ja,caairyaaja, nao yah pta lagaa ilayaa qaa ik
AnauvaaMiSak gauNaaoM kao vahna krnao vaalao Ëaomaaoja,aomsa
kI saMrcanaa maoM AaMiSak $p sao hI sahI¸ nyau@laIna ka
haqa AvaSya haota hO. 1884 maoM ek Anya jaIvaiva&anaI
hT-ivaga nao yah BaI sauJaayaa qaa ik fTI-laa[ja,oSana ko
saaqa–saaqa AnauvaaMiSak gauNaaoM kao ek pIZ,I sao
dUsarI pIZ,I tk sqaanaaMtirt krnao maoM nyau@laIna kI
BaUimaka hao saktI hO. laoikna [nako AnausaMQaanaaoM evaM
sauJaavaaoM pr jaIva vaO&ainakaoM nao AiQak Qyaana
nahIM idyaa AaOr Agalao k[- dSakaMo tk yahI maanaa jaata
rha ik p`aoTIna ko ANau hI jaIvana ko p`%yaok iËyaa–klaap
maoM sabasao mah<capUNa- BaUimaka inaBaato hOM.
[sa Ba`aMit kao pUrI trh TUTnao tqaa kaoiSaka ko iËyaa–klaapaoM
evaM AnauvaaMiSakta maoM nyau@laIna ³ijasao baad maoM
nyaui@lak eisaD ka naama idyaa gayaa´ kI mah<vapUNa-
BaUimaka kao pUrI trh samaJanao AaOr svaIkar krnao maoM
1950 ka dSak Aa gayaa. 60–70 saala kI [sa laMbaI kala
AvaiQa maoM vaO&ainak haqa pr haqa Qaro nahIM baOzo
rho. QaIro–QaIro hI sahI¸ rsaayana& evaM
jaIva–vaO&ainak nyaui@lak eisaD\sa kI saMrcanaa tqaa
AnauvaaMiSakta maoM [sakI BaUimaka sao jauD,o rhsyaaoM sao
pda- hTanao maoM lagao rho. [sakI saMrcanaa maoM Saugar
GainaYT $p sao saMbaw hO– [sa tqya ka &ana
vaO&ainakaoM kao 1890 ka vaYa- Aato–Aato hao cauka
qaa. laoikna yah Saugar paMca kaba-na ANauAaoM sao banaa
ra[baaoja, Saugar hO¸ [saka sauinaiScat &ana haonao
maoM Agalao tIsa saala ka samaya gaujar gayaa. vaastva
maoM nyaui@lak eisaD\sa kI saMrcanaa ko AaQauinak &ana
ko pICo ek riSayana vaO&ainak¸ fIbasa laoivana evaM
[nako sahyaaoigayaaoM Wara ike gae p`arMiBak kaya- ka
baD,a hI mah<vapUNa- haqa hO.
1891 mao laoivana Amaoirka
calao Aae tqaa ra^kfolar [MsTIT\yaUT fa^r maoiDkla irsaca-
maoM ike gae [nako kaya- ko flasva$p hI 1909 maoM yaIsT kI
kaoiSakaAaoM sao p`aPt nyaui@lak eisaD\sa maoM ra[baaoja
jaOsao Saugar kI puiYT hao pa[-. [sako k[- vaYaao-M baad
1920 ko dSak maoM hI [sa tqya kI puiYT hao pa[- ik ek Anya
p`kar ka nyaui@lak eisaD haota hO ijasamaoM rabaaoja,
Saugar ko sqaana pr [saI sao imalata jaulata¸ prMtu ek
Aa^@saIjana ko prmaaNau kI kmaI vaalaa DIAa^@saIra[baaoja,
Saugar payaa jaata hO. ra[baaoja, evaM DIAa@saIra[baaoja,
Saugaryau@t¸ daonaaoM hI p`kar ko nyaui@lak eisaD\sa
jantu tqaa paOQaaoM kI kaoiSakaAaoM maoM pae jaato hOM–
[sa tqya kao samaJanao evaM svaIkarnao maoM
vaO&ainakaoM kuC vaYa- AaOr laga gae.
baad ko AnausaMQaanaaoM sao [nako saa[i@lak saMrcanaa ka
&ana BaI hao gayaa. [nako pMcakaoNaIya Aakar maoM caar
kaoNaaoM pr ek–ek kaba-na haoto hOM tqaa paMcavaoM kaoNa
pr Aa^@saIjana haota hO. Aa^@saIjana vaalao kaoNa sao
GaD,I kI sau[- vaalaI idSaa maoM isqat phlao kaoNa pr
Avaisqat kaba-na kao 1¸ dUsaro kao 2¸ tIsaro kao 3 tqaa
caaOqao kao 4 kaba-na kh sakto hOM. caaOqao kaba-na sao ek
saa[D caona ko $p maoM paMcavaa kaba-na jauD,a rhta hO.
DI•ena•e• evaM Aar•ena•e• kI rssaI ka
inamaa-Na krto samaya ek fa^sfoT tqaa caar Aa^@saIjana ko
yaaoga sao banao fa^sfoT ko ANau¸ DIAa^@saira[baaoja,
Aqavaa ra[baaoja, Saugar ko dao ANauAaoM kao jaaoD,nao ka
kama krto hOM. fa^sfoT ka ek ANau¸ [na poMTaoja Saugasa-
ko ek ANau ko kaba-na 3 sao jauD,ta hO tao dUsaro ANau ko
kaba-na 5 sao jauD,ta hO. fa^sfoT evaM poMTaoja, Saugasa-
ko ANauAaoM ko [sa p`kar ko jaaoD, sao ek laMbaI EaMRKlaa
ka inamaa-Na haota hO¸ jaao DI•ena•e• yaa
Aar•ena•e• kI rssaI ka kama krta hO.
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