|
vaYa-
2003 , , , hr vaYa- kI trh kala ko
gaala maoM samaato jaa rho samaya ka ek CaoTa saa ihssaa.saca hO¸ maanava
[ithasa ko hjaaraoM–hjaar saala kI CaoTI saI kala–AvaiQa maoM hI [sakI kao[-
ibasaat nahIM hO tao Balaa samaUcao ivaSva ko AnaMt kala–AvaiQa maoM [saka
@yaa mah<va hao sakta hOÆ laoikna nahIM¸ hma manauYyaaoM ko ilae samaya ka
ek–ek pla bahumaUlya hO. pUro ek vaYa- (Aqaa-t\
365 idna¸ jaao lagaBaga 31536000 saokoMDaoM ko yaaoga sao banata hO)
ka tao khnaa hI @yaa ! hr
saala kI trh [sa saala BaI hmanaoo maanava saByata kI p`gait ko rasto maoM
saflata ko bahutoro nae JaMDo gaaD,o hOM. saala dr saala haotI p`gait kao doK kr
inaScaya hI hmaaro pUva-jaaoM ka saInaa gava- sao caaOD,a haota jaata haogaa.
jara
saaoicae¸ maanava [ithasa ko p`arMiBak idnaaoM maoM pla–pla rMga badlatI ËUr
evaM inad-yaI p`kRit sao saMGaYa- krta ek kmajaaor¸ inah%qaa Asahaya
maanava.AaiKr ]sako pasa qaa hI @yaaÆ saIMga¸ naukIlao daÐt¸ baD,o–baDo,
naaKUnaaoM vaalao pMjao¸ ivaYa–ga`Miqa sao yau> yaa ifr AitbalaSaalaI
ivaSaalakaya SarIr ko maailak jaanavaraoM kI tulanaa maoM ek inahayat hI
kmajaaor SarIr vaalaa¸ zMD maoM izzurta¸gamaI- maoM Jaulasata¸ BaUK imaTanao
ko ilae jaMgala–jaMgala BaTkta maanava.Apnao haqa –pOraoM sao kama calata na
doK kr pasa pD,o p%qar kao ]za kr iSakar kI trf foMknao vaalao phlao maanava nao
saMBavatÁ
hmaarI jauJaa$ p`kRit tqaa [sa dRZ, [cCa–Sai> ka ]d\GaaoYa ja$r kr idyaa
haogaa ik hma har maananao vaalaaoM maoM sao nahIM hO,. hma [saI kmajaaor tqaa
inah%qao SarIr ko bala pr hI QaIro–QaIro saarI ivaprIt pirisqaityaaoM pr ivajaya
paeÐgao AaOr ek idna saarI p`akRitk sauivaQaaAaoM ka ]pyaaoga ApnaI majaI- sao
kroMgao. yahI nahIM¸ hma p`kRit kI majaI- pr nahIM calaoMgao bailk p`kRit kao
hmaarI majaI- pr calanaa haogaa¸ AaOr [sako ilae hmanao [stomaala ikyaa
ApnaI ivaSlaoYak bauiw ka¸ saamaUihk kaya- Baavanaa ka tqaa &ana kao sadOva
baZ,ato rhnao kI p`vaRit ka.
[nhIM
saba ka pirNaama hO ik Aaja hmaaro AMtirxa yaana maMgala ga`h pr ]trnao kI
tOyaarI maoM hOMÂ hma hjaaraoM maIla dUr baOzo Apnao ip`ya sao maaobaa[la tqaa
[MTrnaoT ko Wara sadOva saMpk- maoM rh pa rho hOMÂ AiQaktr baImaairyaaoM ka
]pcaar kr pa rho hMOÂ jaoonaoiTk [MjaIinayairMga ko bala pr jaIva–jaMtuAaoM
tqaa syavaM ko gauNaaoM maoM manacaaha pirvat-na kr saknao kI xamata ko ivakasa
ko baohd krIba hOM. p`kRit pr saMpUNa- ivajaya ko [sa mahaAaiBayaana maoM hma
kafI Aagao inakla Aae hOM.
janavarI
ka yah mahInaa nae saala¸ 2004 ko p`arMBa ka Vaotk hO.AaMQaI– tUfana kI rFtar
sao BaagatI [sa duinayaaM maoM Aa[e tinak ivaEaama laoM AaOr
iva&ana–vaata- ko [sa AMk maoM hma vaYa- 2003 maoM hu[- kuC
mah<vaPaUNa- vaO&ainak p`gaityaaoM ka
jaayajaa laoM. @yaaoM ik [sa CaoTo sao AalaoK
maoM hjaaraoM vaYaao-M ka laoKa–jaaoKa p`stut kr panaa tao AsaMBava hO hIÂ
Aaja–kla vaO&ainak AnausaMQaanaaoM kI rFtar [tnaI toja hO ik ipClao vaYa-
ko saBaI AnausaMQaanaaoM kao samaoT panaa BaI saMBava nahIM hO. yahaÐ hma kovala
eosao dsa mah%vapUNa- vaO&ainak AnausaMQaanaaoM kI cacaa- kroMgao jaao inakT
BaivaYya maoM hmaaro samaaja tqaa vaO&ainak p`gait ko pqa kao gaMBaIr $p sao
p`Baaivat krnao vaalao hMO. [naka maUlyaaMkna ek AlaaBakarI saMsqaa ‘Amaoirkna
AsaaoiSayaoSana fa^r d eDvaaMsamaoMT Aa^f saa[Msa’ (AAAS)
Wara ikyaa gayaa hO.
p`stut jaanakarI [saI maUlyaaMkna pr AaQaairt hO.
-
ba`*maaND
maoM AMQaorI Aqavaa kalaI }jaa- tqaa pdaqaao-M ka saama`ajyaÁ
kuC vaYa- pUva- saMpUNa- ba`*maaMD ko saMdBa- maoM kuC
Kgaaola–vaO&ainakaoM evaM ka^smaaolaa^ijasT\sa nao baD,a hI AnaUza
sauJaava p`stut ikyaa qaa. ]nako Anausaar [sa ba`*maaMD ka ivastar lagaatar
hao rha hO AaOr [sakI gait ËmaSaÁ toja sao tojatr haotI jaa rhI hO. [sako
pUva- kI vaO&ainak saaoca yah qaI ik ba`*maaND ko ivastar kI gait SaOnaoÁ
– SaOnaoÁ kma hao rhI hO. prMtu ]prao> sauJaava zIk [sako ivaprIt hO.
kOsao hao rha hO yah ivastarÆ tao [na vaO&ainakaoM ka javaaba
hO–AMQaorI Aqavaa kalaI }jaa- (
Dark Energy)! jaI
haи [nako matanausaar [sa ba`*maaND ko AiQakaMSa ihssao pr kalaI }jaa- ka
saayaa hO. vaastva maoM yah rhsyamayaI AMQaorI }jaa- iknhIM BaI dao
AakaSaIya ipMDaoM ko baIca kaya-rt gau$%vaakYa-Na–Sai> ko ivaprIt kaya-
krtI hO AaOr ]nhoM ek dUsaro sao dUr krnao kI p`iËyaa maoM sahayak hO.
]prao> sauJaava ip`nsaTna yauinavaisa-TI tqaa kOilafaoina-yaa isqat
iDpaT-maoMT Aa^f [najaI- ko laa^roMsa bak-lao laObaaoroTrI maoM saa^la
pla-maTr ko t%vaaQaana maoM calanao vaalao ‘[MTrnaoSanala sauprnaaovaa
ka^smaaolaa^jaI p`aojao@T’ tqaa Aa^sT/oilayaa isqat ‘maa]MT sTa^ma-laao
AaOr saa[iDMga isp`Mga Aa^bjavao-TrIja’ isqat ‘ha[- –ja,oD
sauprnaaovaa saca- TIma’ ko lagaBaga 10 vaYaao-M ko gahna AQyayana ka
pirNaama hO.[na laaogaaoM nao k[- dja-na sauprnaaovaa (
eosao
taro jaao Acaanak A%yaiQak camakIlao hao jaato hOM)
ka
AQyayana ikyaa ijanamaoM sao kuC tao [tnao puranao tqaa dUr hOM ik ]nako
Wara ]%saija-t p`kaSa–puMja (
ka^ismak maa[Ëaovaovsa )
nao pRqvaI kI trf ApnaI yaa~a tba Sau$ kI qaI jaba yah ba`*maaND Apnao
Aist%va ko p`arMiBak kala maoM qaa.
AAAS
nao [sa sauJaava ka 1998 maoM hI ]sa vaYa- ko p`mauK vaO&ainak
]plaibQayaaoM maoM [sakI gaNanaa kI qaI. prMtu bahutoro KgaaolaSaais~yaaoM
evaM ka^smaaolaa^ijasT\sa nao [sa saMdBa- maoM ApnaI SaMkaeÐ jata[- qaIM
tqaa [sasao Asahmait vya@t kI qaI.
2003 maoM punaÁ [saI saMsqaa nao [sa sauJaava
kao gat vaYa- ko sabasao mah%vapUNa- Kaoja ka djaa- idyaa hO. [nako
[sa AaMklana ka AaQaar hO ivailknsana maa[Ëaovaova enaAa[saaoT/a^pI p`aoba (WMAP)
saOTolaa[T
tqaa slaaona iDijaTla ska[- savao- (SDSS)
Toilaskaop Wara p`aPt saUcanaaAaoM ko ivaSlaoYaNa ka pirNaama. [sa saOTolaa[T
tqaa Toilaskaop sao p`aPt saUcanaaAaoM nao SaMkalau vaO&ainakaoM kI
SaMkaAaoM ka lagaBaga saMpUNa- samaaQaana p`stut kr idyaa hO.
³halaaÐik Kgaaola Saais~yaaoM ko ek
AtMra-YT/Iya dla nao hala hI maoM kalaI }jaa- ko Aist%va ko baaro maoM ApnaI
SaMka jata[- hO. [nakI SaMka ka AaQaar hO¸ yaUraoipyana sposa ejaoMsaI ko e@sa
ema ema–nyaUTna saOTolaa[T Aa^bjarvaoTrI Wara saMMp`oiYat AaMkD,aoM ka
ivaSlaoYaNa. [na laaogaaoM nao saudUr isqat Aaz AakaSagaMgaaAaoM sao
]%saija-t e@sa–roja kI maa~a tqaa ]nako
}jaa-—str sao saMbaMiQat AaMkD,aoM ka ivaSlaoYaNa ikyaa. [nako Anausaar yao
AaMkD,o yah dSaa-to hOM ik [sa ba`*maaND maoM ]pisqat pdaqaao-M ka Gana%va
Anaumaana sao khIM bahut jyaada hO AaOr eosaa tBaI saMBava hO jaba
ba`*maaNDIya pdaqaao-M kI maa~a BaI pyaa-Pt hao AaOr jaba ba`*maaNDIya
pdaqaao-M kI maa~a [tnaI AiQak haogaI tao kalaI }jaa- ko Aist%va ko ilae kma
hI sqaana bacaogaa.´
WMAP nao
ba`*maaND ko Aist%va maoM Aanao ko p`arMiBak kala (lagaBaga
caalaIsa laaK baad)
maoM ]%saija-t p`kaSa kI ikrNaaoM ka Aba tk ko savaa-iQak ivastRt ica~
laonao maoM saflata p`aPt kI. [na ikrNaaoM kI AiBarcanaa ko
ivastRt ivaSlaoYaNa ko baad AnausaMQaanak<aa- [sa inaYkYa- pr phuÐcao
hOM ik saara ba`*maaND kovala 4 p`itSat saamaanya jaanao–maanao pdaqaao-MM¸
23 p`itSat Anajaanao rhsyamaya pdaqaaMo-M (KgaaolaSaais~yaaoM
ka maananaa hO ik yao Anajaanao pdaqa- eosao kNaaoM sao imala kr banao hMO¸ijasako
baaro maoM iflahala hmaaro pasa kao[- jaanakarI nahIM hO)
tqaa
SaoYa– 73 p`itSat¸ kalaI }jaa- sao
imala kr banaa hO. hO na [sa ba`*maaND pr kalaI Aqavaa AMQaorI }jaa- ka
saama`ajyaÆ
yahI nahIM¸ WMAP nao
ba`*maaND kI ]ma`¸ ivastar kI dr tqaa Gana%va ko sabaMQa maoM BaI kuC p`kaSa
Dalanao ka p`yaasa ikyaa hO. Balaa iktnaI ]ma` haogaI [sa ba`*maaND kIÆ
]prao> ivaSlaoYaNa ko AaQaar pr AnausaMQaanak<aa-AaoM nao Anaumaana
lagaayaa hO ik yah kma sao kma 13.7
Arba vaYa- puranaa tao hO hI.
SDSS
ko
Toilaskaop nao kafI madd kI hO. [sako Wara p`aPt AaMkDaoM ka ivaSlaoYaNa hmaoM kraoD,aoM AakaSagaMgaaAaoM ko Aakar–p`kar tqaa saMpUNa-
AMtirxa maoM [nako fOlaava kI AiBarcanaa–ivaiSaYT ka &ana krata hO.
yah
ivaSlaoYaNa BaI hmaoM [saI inaYkYa- pr phuÐcaata hO ik [sa ba`*maaND maoM kalaI
}jaa- ka hI p`Bau%va hO.
[sa ba`*maaND kI saMrcanaa kao AcCI trh samaJanao ko Aitir> kalaI }jaa-
evaM kalao pdaqaao-M sao saMbaMiQat ivastRt &ana BaivaYya maoM hmaaro
saamanao saMBaavanaaAaoM ka AsaIma ipTara Kaola sakto hOM.yao kalao
rhsyamaya pdaqa- BaivaYya maoM nae–nae ]pkrNaaoM¸ yaM~aoM tqaa naanaa
p`kar ko ]pyaaogaI vastuAaoM ko inamaa-Na maoM sahayak hao sakto hOM.kalaI
}jaa- ko ]%padna ka rhsya samaJa kr hma BaivaYya maoM AMtr–naxa~Iya
yaa~aAaoM kao saugama banaa sakto hMO.yah }jaa- hmaaro AMtirxa yaanaaoM kao
rasto maoM pD,nao vaalaI ivaiBanna
taraoM tqaa tara samaUhaoM ko Sai>SaalaI gau$%vaakYa-Na $pI baaQaaAaoM
sao inajaat idlaanao maoM sahayak hao saktI hO.
-
maanaisak
baImaairyaaoM sao dao–dao haqaÁ KMiDt
maanaisakta (
iskja,aof`Iinayaa )tqaa
]nmaadI Avasaad (maOinak
iDp`oSana Aqavaa baa[paolar iDsAa^D-r)
jaOsaI gaMBaIr maanaisak baImaairyaaoM ko maUla karNa evaM [nako inavaarNa
ko saMdBa- maoM vaO&ainakaMo Wara ike jaa rho p`yaasaaoM kao AAAS
nao
2003 ko sava-EaoYz AnausaMQaanaaoM kI EaoNaI maoM dUsara sqaana idyaa
hO.
KMiDt maanaisakta ko laxaNaaoM maoM mau#ya hOM – ivaBa`ma¸ Ba`aMit tqaa
vyaamaaoh kI isqait¸ Avyavaisqat ivacaar evaM saMvaodnaaeи saamaaijakta
sao Alagaava Aaid. [sa baImaarI ko laxaNa A@sar
ikSaaoravasqaa ko ]<araQa- Aqavaa vayaskta ko p`arMBa maoM p`kT haoto
hOM. pIiD,t vyai@t kao A@sar
vah saunaa[- pD,ta hO jaao dUsaro nahI sauna pato. dUsaro SabdaoM maoM ]sako
kana bajato rhto hOM. yah baImaarI ek p`kar sao AnauvaaMiSak haotI hO. vaO&ainakaoM nao hala hI eosao k[- jaInsa ka pta lagaayaa hO ijanaka
saMbaMQa [sa baImaarI sao hO. CzvaoM Ëaomaaoja,aoma kI CaoTI evaM laMbaI
daonaaoM baaÐhaoM¸AazvaoM evaM AT\zarhvaoM Ëaomaaoja,aomsa kI CaoTI
baaÐhaoM¸ paÐcavaoM¸ gyaarhvaoM¸ baa[savaoM¸ phlao tqaa torhvaoM Ëaomaaoja,msa kI laMbaI baaÐhaoM ko saaqa–saaqa ]nnaIsavaoM
Ëaomaaoja,aomsa kI laMbaI evaM CaoTI daonaaoM baaÐhaoM tqaa e@sa Ëaomaaojaao,msa kI laMbaI baaÐh pr eosao jaInsa kI saMBaavanaa dSaa-yaI
ga[- hO jaao [sa baImaarI ko ek Aqavaa Anaok laxaNaaoM sao jauD,o hao sakto
hMO.
]nmaadI Avasaad jaOsaI
maanaisak baImaarI ko raogaI kI manaaodSaa maoM BaarI ]Wolana doKa jaata hO.
qaaoD,o samaya ko ilae tao vah Ait iËyaaSaIlata (mania)
kI isqait maMo rhta hO AaOr ifr Acaanak Avasaad (depression)
kI
isqait maoM phuÐca jaata hO. yao daonaaoM AvasqaaeÐ ibanaa iksaI karNa AatI
–jaatI rhtI hOM.
jaInsa ka [sa baImaarI sao iktnaa saMbaMQa hO¸ [sa baaro maoM ABaI BaI Kaoja
cala hI rhI hO. ifr BaI baarhvaoM Ëaomaaoja,aoma kI laMbaI baaÐh¸ caaOqao
Ëaomaaoja,aoma kI CaoTI baaÐh¸ e@sa Ëaomaaoja,aoma kI laMbaI baaÐh¸ AT\zarhvaoM tqaa saaolahvaoM
Ëaomaaoja,aomsa kI CaoTI baaÐh evaM [@kIsavaoM ka`omaaoja,aoma kI laMbaI
baaÐh pr [sa baImaarI sao saMbaMiQat jaInsa kI saMBaavanaa dSaa-yaI ga[-
hO.
vaO&ainak Aba yah samaJanao ka p`yaasa kr rho hOM ik yao jaInsa iksa
p`kar maistYk kI saUcanaa–saMp`oYaNa–p`iËyaa kao p`Baaivat krto hOM
tqaa ikna pirisqaityaaoM maoM vyai> maanaisak baImaairyaaoM ko capoT maoM
Aa jaata hO.AaSaa hO inakT BaivaYya maoM [nasao laD,nao ko ilae
AnausaMQaanak<aa- P`aBaavakarI AaOYaiQayaaoM ka ivakasa
kr laoMgao.
|